Contending that tenure insecurity under informal customary institutions dampens incentives for investment and contributes to low agricultural productivity in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, policy makers have tried to formalize customary land use through the provision of de jure rights to users.
In this article we describe the challenge of low agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa and review the available evidence on the effects of the policy responses throughout the region. Our findings indicate that formalization of land rights alone is unlikely to bring agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa close to the level observed in the rest of the world. However, the time window used is often too short to credibly assess the effect of the land rights formalization programmes on agricultural productivity. Besides, the formalization of land rights in rural areas raises a number of concerns about the land tenure security of the least powerful and least informed.
While it may be too soon to assess the long-term effect of the land rights formalization programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa, other approaches to increase tenure security are tested. Read the full study.